[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1851.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Horwitz, Bernhard, Kling, Josef"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "1-0"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "6k1/1R6/6P1/7K/8/2b5/8/8 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "17"]
[Source "ChessCafe/CB"]
[SourceDate "2003.10.29"]

{The g6-pawn is by no means a precious fighting unit for White: if it stood on
g5 its value could have been much greater, here it only robs its own king of
the important square g6. White should get rid of it.} 1. g7 $1 Kh7 ({
The capture} 1... Bxg7 {leads to an even more rapid final:} 2. Kg6 Be5 3. Re7
Bd6 4. Re8+ Bf8 5. Rd8 $22 {But when similar events occur in the safe corner
(Kh8, Bg8), the final position is a stalemate rather than a zugzwang!}) 2. Rf7
$1 {It is important to prevent the king's flight from the dangerous corner.}
2... Bd4 3. g8=Q+ Kxg8 4. Kg6 {If there were no rook on f7, Black could hold
by means of  4...Kf8. Now White intends 5 Rd7 threatening both 6 Rxd4 and 6
Rd8+.} 4... Bg1 $5 {The only defensive chance: the bishop hides in the
"shadow" of the white king. Unfortunately, the shadow is too short.} 5. Rf1 Bh2
6. Rf2 (6. Rh1 Bg3 7. Rh3 Bf4 8. Ra3 Kf8 9. Rf3 {is also good.}) 6... Bg3 7.
Rg2 Bd6 (7... Bh4 8. Kh5+) (7... Be5 8. Re2) 8. Rd2 Be7 9. Rc2 $18 1-0

[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Lequesne, E., Berger, J."]
[Black "?"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "7k/R7/7K/7P/8/3b4/8/8 b - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "9"]
[Source "ChessCafe/CB"]
[SourceDate "2003.10.29"]

{Without the h5-pawn, both 1...Kg8 and 1...Bc4 2 Ra8+ Bg8 lead to a draw.  If
the pawn stands on h6 and the white king on g5 (C. Cozio, 1766), the draw is
also quite elementary. All that is needed is for the black bishop to keep the
b1-h7 diagonal under control.} {Berger suggested the correct defense method:
the black king should temporarily leave the corner.} 1... Kg8 $1 ({This positio
n is more complicated as some accuracy is required. As Lequesne has shown,
playing for a stalemate with} 1... Bc4 $2 {can be refuted because the bishop
loses control over the important diagonal b1-h7:} 2. Ra8+ Bg8 3. Kg5 Kg7 4.
Ra7+ ({Or} 4. h6+ Kh8 5. Kf6 (5. Rd8 $1 Kh7 6. Rd7+ Kh8 7. Kg6) 5... Kh7 6.
Ra7+ Kxh6 (6... Kh8 7. Kg6 Bd5 8. Re7 $18) 7. Ra5 $22 Bh7 (7... Bc4 8. Ra4) 8.
Ra2) 4... Kh8 5. Kg6 Bd5 6. Rh7+ Kg8 7. Re7 $1 Kh8 (7... Kf8 8. Kf6 (8. Rg7)
8... Bc4 9. h6 Kg8 10. h7+ Kh8 11. Kg6) 8. h6 Ba2 9. h7 Bb1+ 10. Kh6 $18) 2.
Rg7+ Kf8 $1 3. Rg4 Bc2 4. Rc4 (4. Kg5 Kg7) 4... Bb1 5. Rf4+ Kg8 $11 {Hence when
the black king is placed in the safe corner, a pawn on h6 or h5 does not bring
a win. A position is winning only when the pawn has not crossed the middle
line.} 1/2-1/2

[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1863.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Guretzky-Cornitz, Bernhard von"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "1-0"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "7k/R7/8/6K1/4b2P/8/8/8 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "21"]
[Source "ChessCafe/CB"]
[SourceDate "2003.10.29"]

{#} 1. Kh6 Kg8 ({The winning technique after} 1... Bd5 {
is already familiar to us:} 2. Rd7 Be6 3. Rd8+ Bg8 4. Kg5 Kg7 5. Rd7+ Kh8 6.
Kg6 Bb3 7. Rh7+ $1 Kg8 8. Rc7 $1 Kh8 (8... Kf8 9. Rg7) 9. h5 Bd5 10. Rh7+ $1
Kg8 11. Re7 $1 Kh8 12. h6 Bb3 13. h7 $18) 2. Rg7+ Kf8 (2... Kh8 3. Re7 $1) {
White's forthcoming strategy can be described as follows: he creates the
threat of the king retreat via h5 to g4 while his rook stands on g5 (this is
why he should not advance the pawn to h5). If he succeeds then the black king
will be cut off from the pawn.  If the black bishop tries to prevent this, it
will lose control over the b1-h7 diagonal and White wins a la Lequesne. And,
if the black king comes to f6 then a check along the f-file can push him away
from the pawn even farther.  The following lines illustrate how this plan can
be carried out.} 3. Rg5 Kf7 4. Rg3 (4. Kh5 {/\ Kg4+-} 4... Bf3+) 4... Bc2 5.
Kh5 $22 Kf6 (5... Bd1+ 6. Kg5 Kg7 (6... Bc2 7. Kf4) 7. Rc3 $1 Be2 8. h5 Bb5 9.
h6+ Kh7 10. Rc7+ Kh8 11. h7) ({Or} 5... Ba4 6. Kg5 Kg7 7. Rc3 $1) (5... Bb1 6.
Rg5 $1 {/\ Kg4} 6... Kf6 7. Kg4 Bg6 8. h5 Bh7 9. h6 Bg6 10. Kf4 Bh7 11. Rg7 Bd3
12. Ra7 {/\ h7}) 6. Rg5 {/\ Kg4} 6... Bd1+ (6... Bf5 7. Kh6 Bc2 8. Rg2 $1 {
/\ Rf2+}) 7. Kh6 Kf7 (7... Bf3 8. Rg1 {/\ Rf1}) 8. Rg7+ Kf6 (8... Kf8 9. Kg6 {
/\ Kf6}) 9. Rg1 Be2 10. Rg2 Bd3 11. Rf2+ 1-0

[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1993.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Elkies, Noam"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "1-0"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "6k1/1R5p/8/6PK/8/b7/8/8 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "21"]
[Source "ChessCafe/CB"]
[SourceDate "2003.10.29"]

{P. Keres evaluated the diagrammed position as drawn, and numerous authors
reproduced this judgment. Yet N. Elkies, an Israeli endgame study composer,
discovered a subtle winning method many years later.   Its idea can be briefly
described as follows: the king retreats to g4, the rook goes to b5 or d5,
denying the bishop important squares. Thereafter, depending on the bishop's
position, the white king breaks through to f6 or h6, while if the bishop is on
f8 or g7, the advance g5-g6 is very strong.} 1. Rb3 $1 (1. Kg4 $6 {
is inaccurate:} 1... Bc1 $1 {/\ h6} 2. Kf5 Bd2 (2... h6 $2 3. Kg6 $1 $18) 3.
Rb2 (3. Rb3 Kg7) 3... Be3 (3... Bc1 4. Rb8+ Kg7 5. Rb7+ Kg8 6. Kf6) 4. Rb3 Bd4)
1... Bd6 (1... Bf8 {loses rapidly:} 2. Rb8 Kg7 3. Rb7+ Kg8 4. g6) ({If} 1...
Bc5 2. Kg4 Bd6 {then} 3. Rb5 Bc7 4. Rd5 $1 {and the king is ready for a march.}
) 2. Kg4 Bf8 $5 (2... Bc5 {is met with} 3. Rb5 $1 {
and the bishop cannot prevent an invasion by the king. For example:} 3... Bf8 (
3... Bd4 4. Kh5 {/\ Rb8+, Rb7+, Kh6} 4... Bg7 5. g6 h6 6. Rb8+ Bf8 7. Rxf8+
Kxf8 8. Kxh6) (3... Bd6 4. Kf5 Bc7 5. Rd5 $1 Bb6 (5... Bg3 6. Kf6) 6. Kf6 Bc7
7. Rd7 Ba5 8. Rg7+ $1 Kh8 9. Kf7 $18) (3... Ba3 4. Kf5) 4. Kf5 h6 (4... Bg7 5.
g6 $1 h6 6. Rb8+ Bf8 7. Kf6) (4... Be7 5. Rb8+ Kf7 6. Rb7 {/\ Kg4-h5-h6}) 5. g6
(5. gxh6 Kh7 6. Rb6 Bxh6 7. Rb7+ $18 {is also good.}) 5... Be7 (5... Bd6 6. Kf6
) 6. Rb8+ Kg7 7. Rb7) 3. Kf5 $1 ({White has no time for previously planned} 3.
Rb5 $2 {because after} 3... h6 $1 4. g6 Bd6 {
he cannot prevent the bishop transfer to the diagonal c1-h6 that saves Black:}
5. Kf5 Bg3 $1 6. Ra5 Bh4 7. Ra8+ Kg7 8. Ra7+ Kg8 9. g7 Kh7 10. Ke6 ({
Nothing can be achieved with} 10. Rf7 Bg5 11. g8=Q+ Kxg8 12. Kg6 Bd2 13. Rd7
Bg5 $11 {as well.} (13... Bb4 14. Rd8+ Bf8 15. Rc8 h5 16. Kxh5 Kf7 $11)) 10...
Kg8 $11) 3... Bc5 4. Rd3 $1 Bb4 ({If} 4... Be7 {then} 5. Rc3 $1 Bb4 6. Rc8+ Kf7
7. Rc7+ Be7 (7... Kg8 8. Kf6) 8. Kg4 $18 {and Kh5-h6 is irresistible.}) 5. Kf6
Ba5 6. Rb3 Bd8+ (6... Bc7 7. Rb5 Bd8+ 8. Ke6 $1 Kg7 9. Kd7) 7. Kf5 Ba5 (7...
Bc7 8. Rb5) 8. Kg4 Bc7 9. Rb5 $1 Bd6 10. Kf5 Bc7 11. Rd5 $18 1-0

[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Illustrative Example 11-29"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "6k1/1R6/4K1p1/7p/8/2b3P1/7P/8 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "14"]
[Source "ChessCafe/CB"]
[SourceDate "2003.10.29"]

{This is an elementary fortress; White cannot overcome the barrier. If the
king returns to f4, Black takes g5 under control by means of Bf6. An advance
of pawns brings no change.   Why is this position so important? It is rather
simple but delivers plenty of useful information. For example, it tells us
what to do when the black pawn stands on h7: then h7-h5! is essential, while
White, when he is on move, should prevent this advance by means of g3-g4!.
Moreover, the evaluation of the diagrammed position extends automatically to a
number of "daughter" situations that occur after a pawn exchange on g4, when
Black remains with a g6-pawn against White's g- or h-pawn. The position with
the white pawns g5 and h4 against Black's g6- and h5-pawns is also drawn.  
 The only possible attempt to set problems for Black, a rook transfer to the
g-file after an exchange of pawns (g3 against h5), can be parried by correct
defense.} 1. h4 $5 ({Let us check another method of exploiting the same idea:
a frontal rook attack against the g6-pawn.} 1. Kd5 Bf6 2. Ke4 Bc3 3. Kf4 Bf6 4.
g4 $5 hxg4 5. Kxg4 Be5 6. h3 Bf6 7. Kf4 Kf8 8. Ke4 Kg8 9. Kd5 Ba1 10. Ke6 Bc3
11. Rc7 Bb2 12. h4 Bd4 13. Rc4 Be3 $1 {[]} ({A key moment, this position (with
reversed colors) happened in a grandmaster duel at the New York tournament,
1987. L. Ftacnik played against J. Murey as follows:} 13... Bb2 $2 14. Rg4 Kh7
15. Kf7 Kh6 16. Rxg6+ Kh5 17. Rg2 Bc3 18. Rh2 $18 {and White won.}) (13... Bf2
$2 14. Kf6 Kh7 15. Rg4 Kh6 16. Rxg6+ Kh5 17. Rg2 Bb6 18. Rh2 $18 {is no better.
}) 14. Kf6 (14. Rg4 Kh7 15. Kf7 Kh6 16. Rxg6+ Kh5 $11) (14. Re4 Bd2 15. Re2 Bc3
16. Rg2 Kh7 17. Kf7 Kh6 18. Rxg6+ Kh5 $11 {(Dvoretsky)}) 14... Kh7 15. Rg4 Kh6
16. Rxg6+ Kh5 17. Rg3 Bb6 $3 18. Rh3 Kg4 $1 19. Rh1 Bd8+ $11 {with a draw.})
1... Ba1 $1 ({In case of} 1... Bd4 $2 {White plays} 2. Rb4 {
with  tempo, and this fact turns out to be decisive. After} 2... Bc3 3. Rc4 Bb2
(3... Be1 4. Kf6 Kh7 5. Rc6 $1 Bxg3 6. Kg5 $18) 4. g4 hxg4 5. Rxg4 Kh7 (5...
Kg7 6. h5 Kh6 7. hxg6 Kg7 8. Kf5) 6. Kf7 Kh6 7. Rxg6+ Kh5 8. Rg2 $1 Bc3 9. Rh2
Bd4 (9... Be1 10. Kf6 Bxh4+ 11. Kf5 $22) 10. Ke6 Bg1 11. Rh1 Bf2 12. Kf5 {
we come to a theoretical position that is won for White, although the proof is
very complicated: the main line lasts some twentymoves!} 12... Bb6 13. Rb1 Bc5
(13... Bf2 14. Kf4 Bd4 15. Kg3 Be5+ 16. Kh3 $18) 14. Rc1 (14. Kf4 $2 Bd6+)
14... Be3 15. Rc3 Bf2 (15... Bd4 16. Rc7 $1) 16. Rc4 $1 Bg1 $1 {
Position from I.Vancura's study (1924)} 17. Ra4 (17. Kf4 $2 Kxh4 18. Rc8 Bh2+
$1) 17... Bb6 18. Re4 Bg1 19. Rc4 $1 {(.)} 19... Be3 20. Ke4 Bd2 (20... Bf2 21.
Kf4 Be1 22. Rc2 $1) 21. Rc2 $1 (21. Kf3 Be1 $1 22. Rc1 $1 Bxh4 23. Rh1 Kg5 $22)
21... Bh6 (21... Be1 22. Kf4) 22. Rh2 Bg7 (22... Bf8 23. Kf3 $1) 23. Kf4 $1 Bf8
24. Kf3 $1 Ba3 (24... Bd6 25. Rd2 Be7 26. Kf4) 25. Ra2 Be7 (25... Bd6 26. Ra4)
(25... Bb4 26. Ra8 $1 Bc3 27. Kg3 Be1+ 28. Kh3) 26. Re2 $1 Bd8 (26... Bxh4 27.
Rh2 Kg5 28. Rh1 $1 {(.)} 28... Kh5 29. Kf4 $18) 27. Rd2 Be7 28. Kf4 Bf6 29. Rd7
Bc3 30. Rh7+ Kg6 31. Rc7 $18) 2. Rb4 Kg7 $1 3. g4 hxg4 4. Rxg4 Kh6 5. Rg5 (5.
Kf7 Kh5) 5... Bd4 6. Kf7 Bf2 7. Rxg6+ Kh5 $11 1/2-1/2

[Event "Budapest m"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "2000.??.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Khalifman, Alexander"]
[Black "Leko, Peter"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "6k1/3R3p/6p1/6P1/7P/5K2/1b6/8 b - - 0 45"]
[PlyCount "54"]
[EventDate "2000.??.??"]
[Source "ChessCafe/CB"]
[SourceDate "2003.10.29"]

{This pawn structure occurred many times in practice and, up to the present
day, was always evaluated as drawn. In fact, White wins by means of h4-h5,
transposing to the Elkies position (diagram 11-20), although everything is not
so simple - there are many subtle points in this ending.} 45... Bg7 $1 {
P. Leko is trying to oppose White's plan.} (45... Bc1 {
with the same idea, is worse on account of} 46. Rd1 (46. Kg4 $2 h5+ $1) 46...
Bb2 47. Rd8+ Kg7 48. Rd7+ Kg8 49. Kg4 {/\ h5+-}) 46. Kf4 {
This is not a bad move.} ({If} 46. Kg4 $2 {then} 46... h5+ $1 47. Kf4 ({Or} 47.
gxh6 Bxh6 $11) 47... Bb2 $11 {with an obvious draw.}) ({
However the most direct way to a victory starts with} 46. Rd8+ $5 Kf7 47. Rb8
$22 Bf8 (47... h5 48. Rb7+ Kg8 49. Rxg7+ Kxg7 50. Ke4 Kf7 51. Kd5 $18) (47...
h6 48. Rb7+ Kg8 49. Ke4 $1 (49. Rxg7+ $2 Kxg7 50. Ke4 {is premature in view of}
50... Kf7 51. Kd5 Ke7 $1 52. gxh6 ({Or} 52. Ke5 h5 $11) 52... Kf7 $11) (49. Kf4
$1 Bc3 (49... h5 50. Rxg7+) (49... hxg5+ 50. Kxg5) 50. gxh6 Bd2+ 51. Ke5 Bc3+ (
51... Bxh6 52. Kf6) 52. Ke6 Kh8 53. h5 gxh5 54. Kf5 $18) 49... hxg5 50. Rxg7+
$1 Kxg7 51. hxg5 Kf7 52. Kd5 $18) (47... Bc3 48. Rb7+ Kg8 49. Kg4 {/\ h5+-}) (
47... Ke7 48. h5 $1 gxh5 49. Rb6 Kf7 50. Kg3 {/\ Kh4:h5+-}) 48. Rb7+ (48. h5 $2
gxh5 49. Rb6 {fails on account of} 49... Kg8 $1 50. Kg3 h6 $1 51. gxh6 Kh7 52.
Kh4 Bxh6 53. Kxh5 Bd2 $11) 48... Kg8 49. Kg4 $1 {/\ 50.h5+-} 49... h5+ 50. Kf3
$1 ({Rather than} 50. Kf4 $2 Bd6+ 51. Ke4 Bg3) {Black could have held this
position if he was able to bring the bishop to the a1-h8 diagonal, but all the
roads to it are cut off:} 50... Bc5 (50... Bg7 51. Rxg7+ $1 Kxg7 52. Ke4 Kf7
53. Kd5 $18) (50... Bd6 51. Rb6 $18) (50... Ba3 51. Ke4 {/\ Ke5-f6}) 51. Ke4
Bf2 52. Ke5 Bxh4 53. Kf6 $18) 46... Bf8 (46... Bb2 {is met by} 47. Kg4 Bc3 (
47... Bg7 $2 {only accelerates the loss:} 48. h5 gxh5+ 49. Kxh5 Kf8 (49... Bc3
50. Kh6) (49... Bf8 50. g6 $18) 50. Rb7 $22 Kg8 51. g6) {White can play} 48. h5
{right away} ({but let us look at a somewhat abstract move} 48. Rc7 {
that leads to a position from Wolff - Browne, USA ch, Durango 1992.} {
Where should the bishop go? W. Browne played} 48... Be5 $2 {and P. Wolff
managed to carry out h4-h5 in a more favorable situation, avoiding the Elkies
position. The main motif is making the access of the bishop to the a3-f8
diagonal most difficult.} ({The toughest resistance can be rendered by} 48...
Bb2 49. h5 gxh5+ 50. Kxh5 Ba3 {and White has to demonstrate a truly
complicated winning procedure that, by the way, had not yet been discovered
when the game was played.}) ({We know from the previous note that} 48... Bg7 $2
49. h5 {is bad.}) (48... Bd4 $2 49. h5 gxh5+ 50. Kxh5 {
(/\ 7 Kh6) is no better, because the bishop fails to enter the a3-f8 diagonal.}
) 49. Rc6 $1 {Preparatory to h4-h5, White wants to control the a3-f8 diagonal.}
49... Bb2 50. Ra6 Bc3 (50... Bd4 51. Ra5 Bc3 52. Ra4 {does not change anything.
}) 51. Ra4 Be5 (51... Bg7 52. Ra8+ Kf7 53. Ra7+ Kg8 54. h5) 52. h5 $1 gxh5+ ({
In the game, Black allowed h5-h6 and, of course, lost rapidly:} 52... Bc3 53.
h6 Kf7 54. Rc4 Be5 55. Kf3 Bd6 56. Rc8 Ke6 57. Rh8 Kf5 58. Rxh7 Kxg5 59. Rd7 {
Black resigned.}) 53. Kxh5 Bd6 {The bishop has finally managed to reach the
key diagonal but it stands badly on d6. White carries g5-g6 out while the
black king's refuge from the dangerous corner fails.} 54. Ra8+ Kg7 55. Ra7+ Kg8
56. g6 hxg6+ 57. Kxg6 Kf8 58. Kf6 Kg8 ({
Here the bad placement of the bishop tells: after} 58... Ke8 {White plays} 59.
Ke6 {with a tempo.}) 59. Rg7+ Kh8 (59... Kf8 60. Rd7) 60. Kg6 $18) 48... gxh5+
49. Kxh5 Bb4 50. Rb7 Ba3 $18 {See N.Elkies, 1993}) ({If} 46... Kf8 {then} 47.
Rd8+ $1 (47. Kg4 $2 h5+ 48. Kf3 Bb2 $11) 47... Kf7 48. Rb8 $1 {(.)}) 47. h5 $2
{White advances the pawn at the most inappropriate moment.} ({
The simplest solution was} 47. Ra7 $5 Bg7 48. Rb7 $1 Bf8 49. Kg4 h5+ 50. Kf3
$18) ({As S. Shipov noted the immediate} 47. Kg4 $5 {also wins.} {but after}
47... h5+ {White should play} 48. Kf3 $1 ({Rather than} 48. Kf4 $2 Ba3 {/\ Bb2=
} 49. Rb7 Bd6+ 50. Ke4 Bg3 51. Rb3 Bxh4 52. Kf4 Kf7 53. Rb7+ Kg8 $11) 48... Bb4
{/\ Bc3=} (48... Ba3 49. Rb7 Bd6 50. Rb6) (48... Bg7 49. Rxg7+ Kxg7 50. Ke4)
49. Rc7 $1 {(preventing 5...Bc3)} 49... Be1 50. Rc4 Kf7 51. Ke3 {
/\ Kd3, Re4, Kc4-d5+-}) 47... gxh5 48. Kg3 h6 $1 49. g6 Ba3 50. Kh4 Bc1 {
As we know from the Elkies's analysis, this position is drawn.} 51. Kxh5 Bg5
52. Kg4 Bc1 53. Kf5 Bg5 54. Ke6 Bh4 $6 (54... Be3 $5 {is simpler.} 55. Rh7 Bd2
56. g7 Bg5 $11 ({Or} 56... Bc3 $11)) 55. Rh7 Bg5 56. g7 $5 h5 $8 {
A study-like salvation!} ({All other moves lose:} 56... Kxh7 $2 57. Kf7) (56...
Bd8 $2 57. Rh8+) (56... Bh4 $2 57. Rxh6) (56... Be3 $2 57. Kf6) 57. Rxh5 Bf6 $1
$11 {The bishop is taboo in view of the stalemate. The g7-pawn will be lost,
and White cannot reach the basic winning position with the king in the
dangerous corner.} 58. Rh3 Bxg7 59. Ke7 Bb2 60. Rb3 Bd4 61. Rd3 Bb2 62. Rg3+
Kh7 63. Ke6 Kh6 64. Kf5 Kh7 65. Rg6 Bc3 66. Kg5 Bb2 67. Kh5 Bc3 68. Rg2 Bd4 69.
Rd2 Bc3 70. Rc2 Ba1 71. Rc7+ Kg8 72. Rd7 1/2-1/2

[Event "Las Palmas"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1974.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Olafsson, Fridrik"]
[Black "Larsen, Bent"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "6k1/R7/4K1pp/8/6Pb/7P/8/8 b - - 0 49"]
[PlyCount "41"]
[EventDate "1974.??.??"]
[Source "ChessCafe/CB"]
[SourceDate "2003.10.29"]

{Even if White succeeds in preventing such a fortress as seen earlier, by
playing g2-g4 at the proper moment, Black still can hold if he builds another
elementary fortress.} 49... Bg5 {This barrier is also not to be overcome.} 50.
Ra5 Bh4 ({But surely not} 50... Kg7 $2 51. Rxg5 hxg5 52. Ke7 $18) 51. Ra1 Bg5
52. Ra4 (52. Rh1 Bh4 $1) 52... Kg7 53. Ra7+ Kg8 54. Rf7 Kh8 55. Ke5 (55. Rf6
Kg7) 55... Kg8 {and the game ended in a draw:} 56. Rd7 Kf8 57. Ke6 Kg8 58. Rd1
Kg7 59. Rh1 Bh4 60. Rh2 Kf8 61. g5 Bxg5 62. h4 Bd8 63. Rf2+ Kg8 64. Rf4 h5 65.
Rd4 Ba5 66. Rc4 Kg7 67. Ke7 Be1 68. Re4 Bc3 69. Rf4 g5 1/2-1/2

[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1984.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Villeneuve, Alain"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "6k1/1R6/6pp/8/6Pb/8/6KP/8 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "20"]
[Source "ChessCafe/CB"]
[SourceDate "2003.10.29"]

{Would the evaluation of the position be changed with the white pawn at h2
instead of h3? In such cases, White has the following way to play for a win:
the king comes to h3 and drives the bishop away from h4, then Kg3 and h2-h4-h5
follow. I have seen analysis of this situation only in a two-volume endgame
treatise by A. Villeneuve (in French, 1984).} 1. Kh3 Bf2 (1... Bf6 $5) 2. Rb2
Bd4 3. Re2 Bf6 ({Or} 3... Kg7 4. Kg3 Bf6 $1 5. h4 h5 $1 6. gxh5 (6. g5 Bc3 $11)
6... gxh5 $11) 4. Kg3 Kg7 5. h4 (5. Re6 Kf7 6. Ra6 Be5+) 5... h5 $1 6. gxh5 (6.
g5 Bc3 $11 {transposing to the main fortress as seen earlier.}) 6... gxh5 {
It seems that Black achieves a draw. For example:} 7. Re4 Kg6 8. Kf3 Kf5 9.
Rf4+ Ke5 10. Ke3 Bd8 $11 1/2-1/2

[Event "Monaco"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1994.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Smyslov, Vasily"]
[Black "Chiburdanidze, Maya"]
[Result "1-0"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "8/6k1/6p1/7p/7P/2b1RKP1/8/8 b - - 0 81"]
[PlyCount "20"]
[EventDate "1994.??.??"]
[Source "ChessCafe/CB"]
[SourceDate "2003.10.29"]

81... Bd2 $2 ({M. Chiburdanidze obviously did not know the basic drawn
position, otherwise she would have kept the bishop on the main diagonal:} 81...
Bf6 $11) 82. Rd3 Be1 $2 (82... Bc1 $1 {/\ 83...Bb2} 83. Rb3 g5 {
is better, perhaps it still suffices for a draw.}) 83. Kf4 $18 Kf6 84. Rd6+ Kf7
85. Kg5 $18 Bxg3 86. Rf6+ Ke7 87. Rxg6 Be1 88. Kxh5 Kf7 89. Rg2 Kf6 90. Re2 Bg3
91. Re4 1-0

[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Illustrative Example 11-37"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "Solution"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "1k6/p5R1/1p1K4/8/4b3/8/PP6/8 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "9"]
[Source "ChessCafe/CB"]
[SourceDate "2003.10.29"]

{This example can be found in many theoretical treatises, given with a wrong
or, at least, an imprecise evaluation.} 1. b4 $1 {Otherwise 1...a5=} (1. Rg4 $5
{also deserves attention:} 1... Bf3 (1... Bb1 2. Kc6 Bxa2 3. Rg7 $18) 2. Rf4 {
and if} 2... Bg2 {then} 3. b4 {planning a2-a4-a5.}) 1... Bc2 $5 {
If Black manages to place his bishop on a4 he achieves a draw.} (1... a5 {
Now this move loses a pawn:} 2. bxa5 bxa5 3. Kc5 a4 4. Kb6 Kc8 5. Rg4 $18) (
1... Bf3 2. a4 Be4 3. a5 bxa5 4. bxa5 {is also hopeless for Black.}) {
White's next move is obligatory.} 2. b5 $1 $18 {
/\ K-b4, a4-a5 (see Khalifman-Leko)} ({The same outcome results from} 2. Kc6
Be4+ 3. Kb5 Bd3+ 4. Ka4 Bc2+ 5. Ka3 $2 a6 $1 $11) 2... Be4 3. a4 Bd3 {
Ljubojevic-Keene, Palma de Mallorca 1972 (reversed colours and flanks)} (3...
Bf3 {is equivalent.}) 4. Kd5 $1 Bf5 {The diagrammed position is known from
Ljubojevic - Keene, Palma de Mallorca 1972 (with reversed colors and wings).
Books on theory say it is a draw. We know from the Khalifman - Leko ending
that this is not so. The winning plan is simple: White brings his king to b4
and plays a4-a5, arriving at the Elkies position, so the most rapid progress
can be achieved after 5 Kc4!.  The players and the annotators ignored this
plan because they did not know that the Elkies position is winning. R. Keene
tried to invade with his king to c6, failed to do so, and a draw was agreed.} (
4... Be2 5. Rf7 Bd3 6. Rf8+ Kb7 7. Rf3 Bg6 8. Re3 {/\ Re7+, Kc6 (J.Timman)}
8... Bh5) 5. Kc4 $1 $18 {Dvoretsky} (5. Rg5 Bd3 6. Rg3 Bc2 7. Rg2 (7. Re3 $2
Bxa4 $1 8. Kc6 a6 9. Kxb6 Bxb5 $11) 7... Bd3 8. Rf2 (8. Rd2 Bg6 $1 9. Re2 Bh5
10. Rf2 Kc7 $1 11. Rf6 Be8 $1 12. Rf5 Bg6) 8... Kb7 9. Rf7+ Kb8 10. Re7 Bf1 11.
Re8+ Kb7 12. Re7+ {1/2:1/2, after} 12... Kb8 {White still could have played}
13. Re1 $1 Bg2+ (13... Bd3 $2 14. Kc6) 14. Kc4 $18) 1-0

